Archive for September, 2009
A few years ago, a popular movie restored the ancient kingdom of Sparta into the public consciousness. History buffs have always recognized the Spartans for their disciplined lifestyle and bravery in battle. In fact, the adjective spartan, meaning self-discipline and austerity, is now applied as a compliment. When the comic book adaptation “300” was released on the big screen, everyone was exposed to the might and lore of the Spartans.
Since the Spartan culture was almost entirely centered around battle acumen, it’s no surprise that their armor is still celebrated today for its practicality and aesthetics. The Spartan helmet in particular stands out as being unique. Its sturdy design is highlighted by a menacing appearance with a long nose piece extending halfway down the face.
The legend prevails that Rome ascended with the fall of Troy. Aenas, the famed Trojan, escaped the destruction of Troy and made his way to Italy where he married a princess. They bore two sons, Romulus and Remus; the boys were left to die by the Tiber river. A she-wolf saved them. They decided to consecrate a city by the river where the miraculous she-wolf saved them. They fought over the name of the city and Romulus son and thus began the powerful city-state of Rome.
Many historical events and persons of the ancient past are often shrouded in legend and they make great stories. Whatever the origins of Rome, it became one of the most powerful states that ever existed under the sun.
The Legionnaire was the foundation of the Roman army. The Legions of the early Roman army were an outstanding group, formidable in battle and in all areas of seige warfare. They were also excellent engineers; they built roads, bridges, and water systems for the empire.
They were professional soldiers who served with each other often for twenty years. They fought very hard for the empire, but they were more dedicated to their legion than to the state. The system worked well for Rome, because each Legionnaire fought his heart out for his comrades They were prohibited from marrying, so their loyalty was to their fellow soldiers After service of twenty years, they were allowed to retire with a pension and an allotment of land. Perhaps they married at this late stage of life.
They had the finest weapons of the day. They often made changes to make them more efficient. They wore a breast plate armor called lorica segmentata. It was made of iron strips that were held in place by leather strips. This replaced the solid breastplate which restricted movement. They wore an iron helmet with a peak to prevent blows to the head. They carried a colorful shield made of wood and metal. The Roman foot soldier carried three weapons. They carried a 7 foot javelin which is now referred to as a pilium. By their side was also a pugio ( small dagger) and a two foot short sword (gladius). On their feet they wore sandals with hobnails on the bottom. With this equipment they conquered most of the ancient world.
The Roman Legionnaire was powerful, dedicated to his legion, and a very effective fighting machine. The colorful Roman soldier is a popular character for reenactors or even with the individual that desires a unique Halloween costume.
When most people think of medieval armor, it’s probably a suit of metal armor that springs to mind. In fact, chain mail and heavy suits of armor were effective at protecting the body but they hindered mobility. Imagine trying to run around in the heat of battle wearing a creaky coat of armor. And forget about riding a horse – a process that requires flexibility and free range of motion.
Some have suggested that leather armor was not used in battle, but that is patently false. It makes sense that physical evidence of leather armor would be scarce because the material deteriorates over time – much quicker than a metal garment. This form of armor is still utilized for live-action role playing and war reenactments. Even though leather armor has outlived its practicality, it still makes for a handsome and evocative uniform.